近年來，全國各地冷庫（kù）事（shì）故頻發，大多冷庫事（shì）故的產（chǎn）生都是因為（wéi）氨泄（xiè）漏引發的，而解（jiě）釋均是製冷閥件出故障（zhàng）引起氨泄漏（lòu）。目前氨製冷劑（jì）在大型冷庫、有廣泛應用。以下是詳解氨製冷係統泄漏後的正確處置方（fāng）法。

In recent years, cold storage accidents occur frequently in all parts of the country. Most of the cold storage accidents are caused by ammonia leakage, and the final explanation is that the ammonia leakage caused by the failure of the refrigerating valve parts. At present, ammonia refrigerants are widely used in large cold storage. The following are detailed solutions to the leakage of ammonia refrigeration system.

一、氨製（zhì）冷係統泄漏處理

One, leakage treatment of ammonia refrigeration system

1、氨壓（yā）縮機發生漏氨事（shì）故後，先切（qiē）斷（duàn）壓縮機電源，馬上關閉（bì）排（pái）氣閥，吸氣閥（雙級（jí）氨壓縮機應同時關閉二級排氣閥及二級吸氣閥）如正在加油，應及時關閉加油閥（fá）。

1, ammonia compressor after leakage of ammonia accident, first cut off the compressor power, immediately close the exhaust valve, the suction valve (double stage ammonia compressor should be closed at the same time two level exhaust valve and two suction valve), such as refueling, should be timely closed the refuelling valve.

2、應將機房運行的（de）機器全部停止，操作（zuò）人員發現壓縮機漏氨時立即停機並根據自己所處位置，在關閉（bì）事故機（jī）時順便將（jiāng）就近運（yùn）行的機器斷電。

2, the machine room should be completely stopped, the operator found that the compressor leakage of ammonia immediately shut down and according to their position, in the shutdown of the accident machine will be in the near operation of the machine.

3、如漏（lòu）氨事故較大（dà），無法靠近（jìn）事故機，應到室外停機，停機後立（lì）即（jí）關閉所有油氨分離器進氣閥（fá）及與事（shì）故機（jī）吸（xī）氣相連的低壓桶出氣閥。

3, if the ammonia leakage accident is large, can not be close to the accident machine, should stop outside, shut down immediately after the shutdown of all the oil and ammonia separator intake valve and the low pressure barrel outlet valve connected to the accident machine.

4、迅速（sù）開啟氨壓（yā）縮機（jī）機房所（suǒ）有的事故排風扇。

4, quickly open all accident fans in ammonia compressor room.

5、在處（chù）理事故時，用水管噴澆（jiāo）漏氨部位，使氨與水（shuǐ）溶解，注意壓縮機電（diàn）機的（de）防水（shuǐ）保護。

5, when dealing with accidents, use water pipes to spray and leak ammonia parts, so that ammonia can be dissolved with water, and pay attention to the waterproofing protection of compressor motors.

二、壓力容器漏氨事故處置（zhì）方法

Two. Treatment of pressure vessel ammonia leakage accident

處理此類事故，原則是首（shǒu）先采取控製，使事故不再擴大，然（rán）後采取措施將事故容器與係統斷開，關閉設（shè）備所有（yǒu）閥門，漏氨嚴（yán）重不能貼近設備時要采取關閉與該設備相（xiàng）聯接串通的其它設備閥門，用水淋澆漏氨（ān）部位（wèi），容器裏氨液（yè）及時排空處理。屬於此類設備有：油氨分離器、冷凝器、高壓貯液桶、中冷、排液桶、集油器、放空氣器、低壓貯液桶等（děng）。

In order to deal with such accidents, the principle is to take control first, make the accident no longer expanded, and then take measures to break the accident container and system, close all the equipment of the equipment. When the leakage of ammonia is not close to the equipment, it should be taken to close other equipment valves connected to the equipment, pouring the leakage of ammonia with water and the liquid in the container. Time emptying treatment. Such devices include: Oil ammonia separator, condenser, high pressure liquid storage tank, intercooler, drainage tank, oil collector, air discharge device, low pressure liquid storage tank, etc.

1、油氨分離器漏氨

1. Leakage of ammonia in an oil and ammonia separator

油氨分離器漏（lòu）氨後，如壓縮機正在運行工作中，應立即（jí）切斷壓縮機電源（yuán），迅速關（guān）閉該油分離器的出（chū）氣閥（fá）、進氣閥、供液閥、放油閥及關閉冷凝器進氣閥，壓縮機至（zhì）油氨分離器的（de）排氣閥。

After the ammonia separator has leakage of ammonia, if the compressor is running, the compressor power should be cut off immediately, and the outgassing valve, the intake valve, the feed valve, the oil discharge valve and the condenser intake valve, and the compressor to the exhaust valve of the oil ammonia separator should be quickly closed.

2、冷凝（níng）器漏氨（立式、臥式、蒸發式冷凝器）

2. Condenser ammonia leakage (vertical, horizontal, evaporative condenser)

冷凝器漏氨（ān）後，如壓縮機處於運行狀態，應（yīng）立即切斷壓縮機電源，迅速關閉所有高（gāo）壓桶均壓閥和其它所有（yǒu）冷凝器均壓（yā）、放空氣器閥，然後關閉冷凝器（qì）的進氣（qì）閥、出液閥。工藝允許（xǔ）時可以對事故冷凝器進行減壓。

After the condenser leakage, if the compressor is in the running state, the compressor power should be cut off immediately and all the pressure control valves and all the other condensers are shut down and the air heater valves are closed quickly. Then the intake valve and the outlet valve of the condenser are closed. The accident condenser can be decompressed when the process is permitted.

3、高壓貯液桶漏氨

3. Leakage of ammonia in high pressure tank

高壓貯液桶漏氨後，立即關閉高壓貯液桶的（de）進液閥、均液閥、出液閥、放油閥及（jí）其（qí）它（tā）關（guān）聯（lián）閥（fá）門。如氨壓（yā）縮機處於運（yùn）行狀態，迅速切斷壓縮（suō）機（jī）電源，在（zài）條件及環境允（yǔn）許（xǔ）時，立即開啟與低（dī）壓容器相聯的閥門進行減壓、排液、盡量減少氨液外泄損失，當高壓（yā）貯液桶壓力與（yǔ）低壓壓力一致時，應及時關閉（bì）減壓排液閥門。

After the high pressure liquid storage tank leaks ammonia, turn off the liquid inlet valve, the liquid valve, the liquid outlet valve, the oil drain valve and other related valves immediately. If the ammonia compressor is in the running state, the compressor power is cut off quickly. When the condition and environment permit, the valve connected with the low pressure vessel is opened immediately to decompress, drain and minimize the leakage of the liquid. When the pressure of the high pressure tank is in accordance with the pressure of the low pressure, the valve should be shut down in time.

4、中（zhōng）間冷卻器漏氨

4. Leakage of ammonia in intermediate cooler

中間冷卻（què）器漏氨後（hòu），當壓縮機處於運行狀態，應立即切斷該機電（diàn）源，關閉壓縮機的一級排氣閥、二級吸氣閥及與其它設備相通的閥門，同時開啟放油閥進行排液放油減壓。

When the intermediate cooler leaks ammonia, when the compressor is in operation, the power supply should be cut off immediately, the first stage exhaust valve of the compressor, the two stage suction valve and the valve connected with other equipment should be closed, and the discharge valve is opened to discharge the oil and discharge the oil.

5、低壓貯液桶（tǒng）漏氨（ān）

5. Leakage of ammonia in a low pressure tank

低壓貯液桶漏氨後，當係統壓縮機處於（yú）運行中，應立即（jí）切斷壓縮機電（diàn）源，關閉壓縮機吸氣閥，同時關閉低壓貯液桶的進（jìn）氣、出氣、均液、放油及其它關聯閥門，開啟氨（ān）泵進液、出液閥及（jí）氨泵（bèng），將低壓貯液（yè）桶內（nèi）氨液送至庫房蒸發器內，待低壓貯液桶內無液後（hòu）關閉（bì）氨泵進液閥。

After leakage of ammonia in the low pressure storage tank, when the compressor is in operation, the compressor power should be cut off immediately, the suction valve of the compressor is closed, and the intake, outgassing, liquid, oil and other associated valves of the low pressure storage tank are closed, and the ammonia pump inlet liquid, the outlet valve and the ammonia pump are opened, and the ammonia liquid in the low pressure storage tank is sent to the storeroom evaporation. The liquid inlet valve of the ammonia pump is closed after the liquid in the low pressure liquid storage tank is closed.

6、排液桶漏氨

6. Leakage of ammonia in a bucket

排液桶漏氨（在衝霜、加壓、排液、放油工作中）時，應立即關閉排液桶的所有與其它設備相連閥門，根據排液桶的液位多少進行處理。如液量較（jiào）少，開啟（qǐ）減壓閥（fá）進行減壓；如液量較多時，應盡快將桶內液體排空，減少氨的外（wài）泄量。

When the draining bucket is drained (in the frost, pressure, discharge, and oil discharge), all the valves should be closed immediately to the other equipment, and the liquid level of the bucket should be treated. If the liquid volume is small, the pressure relief valve should be opened for decompression. If the liquid volume is large, the liquid in the pail should be emptied as soon as possible, so as to reduce the leakage of ammonia.

7、集油器漏氨

7. Leakage of ammonia in oil collector

集油器漏氨時，或在放油過程中，都應立即關閉集油器的進（jìn）油和減壓閥。

When the oil collector is running out of ammonia or in the process of discharging oil, the oil inlet and pressure reducing valve of the oil collector should be shut down immediately.

8、放空氣（qì）器漏氨

8. Leakage of ammonia in air discharge device

放空（kōng）氣（qì）器漏氨，應立即關閉混合（hé）氣體進氣閥、供液閥、回流閥、蒸發回氣閥。

Air leakage can be immediately closed by mixing gas inlet valve, liquid supply valve, return valve and evaporative return valve.

9、設備玻璃管破裂、油（yóu）位指示器漏氨

9. Rupture of the glass tube of equipment and leakage of ammonia in the indicator of oil level

設備玻璃管破裂、油位指（zhǐ）示器漏（lòu）氨液時，當上、下側彈子失靈，應立即關閉批示器上、下側的彈子角閥，盡早控製住（zhù）氨（ān）液大量外泄。

When the glass tube is broken and the oil level indicator is leaked, when the upper and lower side of the bullet fails, the bullet angle valve on the upper and lower sides of the indicator should be shut down immediately to control the large amount of leakage of the ammonia liquid as soon as possible.

10、氨瓶漏氨

10. Ammonia bottle leakage

氨（ān）瓶屬於移動式（shì）壓力容器，氨瓶必須（xū）每二年進行一次定期檢驗，使用12、年應報廢

Ammonia bottles belong to mobiles pressure vessels. Ammonia bottles must be inspected regularly once every two years. They should be scrapped for 12 years.

發現瓶壁有裂紋、嚴重腐蝕、凹陷、鼓包、變形等缺陷以及（jí）未經定期檢驗，應（yīng）禁止使用。在加氨（ān）的過程中漏氨，應立即關閉氨瓶出液閥，加氨站的加氨（ān）閥，用水淋澆漏氨部位，迅速將氨瓶推離加氨現場。

It is found that cracks on the bottle wall, serious corrosion, depression, bulging, deformation and other defects, and no regular inspection, should be banned. If ammonia is leaked during the process of ammonia injection, the ammonia outlet valve should be closed immediately, the ammonia valve of the ammonia station should be added, and the ammonia leakage site should be leaked with water. The ammonia bottle should be pushed away from the ammonia site immediately.

三、蒸發（fā）器漏氨處（chù）置方法

Three, the disposal method of evaporator ammonia leakage

庫內蒸發器（qì）漏氨包括冷風機、牆排管、頂排管等，處理原則：應立即關閉蒸發器供液閥、回氣閥、熱氨閥、排液（yè）閥、並及時將蒸發器內氨液排空。

The leakage of ammonia in the evaporator includes the cold fan, the wall pipe, the top row and so on. The treatment principle: the evaporator supply valve, the air return valve, the hot ammonia valve, the discharge valve and the ammonia liquid in the evaporator should be shut down immediately.

如在衝霜過程中，應（yīng）立即關閉（bì）衝霜熱氨（ān）閥、關（guān）閉排液閥、開啟回（huí）氣閥（fá）進行減壓。如（rú）在庫房降溫過程中，應立（lì）即（jí）關閉蒸發器供液閥、氨泵係統停止（zhǐ）運行（háng）。

For example, in the process of frost, we should immediately turn off the frost hot ammonia valve, close the drain valve and open the return valve for decompression. For example, in the process of cooling down the storeroom, the evaporator liquid supply valve and the ammonia pump system should be shut down immediately.

確定漏氨部位，可做臨時性處理，能打管卡的采取管卡緊固，減少氨的外泄量。並開啟排（pái）風扇強製通風，盡（jìn）量減少庫房的氨濃度。

The locations of ammonia leakage can be treated temporarily, and the pipe clamp can be fastened to reduce the leakage of ammonia. And open the exhaust fan forced ventilation to minimize the ammonia concentration in the storeroom.

清除蒸發器內氨，在條件、環境允（yǔn）許情況（kuàng）下，可采取適當的壓力，用熱氨衝霜的方法，將蒸發器內氨液排回排液桶，減少（shǎo）氨液損失和庫房空氣汙染。

In order to remove the ammonia in the evaporator, under the condition of conditions and environment, the proper pressure can be taken. The ammonia liquid in the evaporator is discharged back to the draining bucket with the method of hot ammonia flushing to reduce the loss of ammonia and the air pollution in the storeroom.

四、閥門漏氨處置方法

Four. Treatment of leakage of ammonia in valves

發現氨閥門漏氨後，應迅速關閉事故閥門兩邊最近的控製閥，並用堵閥門泄漏專用器具進行堵漏。

It is found that after the ammonia valve leaks ammonia, the nearest control valve on both sides of the accident valve should be shut down quickly, and plugging the special valve with the plugging valve to stop the leakage.

如容器上的閥門漏氨，應關閉泄漏閥（fá）前最近的閥門，關閉容器的進液、進氣等閥門（mén）。在（zài）條件（jiàn）、環（huán）境（jìng）允許時，應迅速開啟有關閥門，向低壓係統進行減壓排（pái）液。

If the valve on the container leaks ammonia, the nearest valve before the leakage valve should be closed, and the inlet and outlet valves of the container should be closed. When conditions and environment permit, valve should be opened quickly and decompression should be carried out to the low pressure system.

在處理泄漏事故時，應開啟排風扇進（jìn）行通風換氣。

When handling leakage accidents, fans should be opened for ventilation and ventilation.

五、管道漏氨處置方法

Five. Treatment of pipeline ammonia leakage

如發現管道漏氨後，應迅（xùn）速關閉事故管（guǎn）道兩邊最近的控製閥門（mén），切斷氨（ān）液的來源。並采取臨時打（dǎ）管卡的辦法，封堵漏口和裂（liè）紋，然後對事故（gù）部位抽空（kōng）。

If the pipeline is found to leak ammonia, the nearest control valve on both sides of the accident pipeline should be shut down and the source of ammonia liquid should be cut off. The method of temporary pipe clamping is adopted to seal the leakage and cracks, and then evacuate the accident area.

1、加氨裝置漏氨

1. Ammonia leakage in ammonia plant

在加氨過程中（zhōng），加氨裝置漏氨，應迅（xùn）速關閉加氨裝置最（zuì）近的閥門和（hé）氨瓶的出液閥（fá）。

During the ammoniation process, the ammonia valve should be quickly closed and the nearest valve and ammonia outlet valve should be closed.

2、處理漏（lòu）氨事（shì）故時氨的排放處置方法

2, the disposal method of ammonia discharge in the treatment of ammonia leakage accident

如容器設備漏氨，在容（róng）器內氨液較多的情況下，將容器內的氨液排（pái）放（fàng）到其它容器內或排放掉（diào）。氨液的排放分為係統內排（pái）放和向係統（tǒng）外排放。

If the container equipment leaks ammonia, the ammonia in the container must be discharged into other containers or discharged if there is more ammonia in the container. The discharge of ammonia liquor can be divided into emissions within the system and emissions from outside the system.

a、向（xiàng）係統內的排（pái）放：一般應采取設備的放油（yóu）管及排液管排（pái）放，將漏氨容器的氨液排至（zhì）其它壓力較低的（de）容器內。

A, discharge to the system: generally, the discharge pipe and drain pipe of the equipment should be discharged, and the ammonia liquid of the ammonia leakage container should be discharged to other low pressure containers.

b、向係統外的排放：在特殊情況下，為了減少事故設備（bèi）的氨液外泄，避免傷亡事故發生，將氨（ān）液通過串聯設備（bèi）放（fàng）油管與（yǔ）耐壓膠皮管放入（rù）水池中（zhōng），以保證安全。在向外界（jiè）排放氨液或氨氣時，要注意閥（fá）門不要開的過大、過猛、防止膠管連接處脫落，造成（chéng）意外事故發生。

B, out of the system emissions: in special cases, in order to reduce the leakage of ammonia liquid in the accident equipment and avoid casualty accidents, the ammonia liquid is put into the pool through the series equipment and the pressure resistant rubber pipe to ensure the safety. When discharging ammonia or ammonia to the outside world, we should pay attention to the oversize and excessive opening of the valve and prevent the connection of the hose from falling off, resulting in an accident.